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Civil War Memorial

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Erma Bombeck
Historical Marker
University of Dayton

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Orville Wright Sculpture

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Wright Brothers
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Monument Avenue

Dayton was founded on April 1, 1796 by a small group of US settlers seven years before the admission of Ohio to the Union in 1803. The town was incorporated in 1805 and given its name after Jonathan Dayton, a captain in the American Revolutionary War and signatory of the U.S. Constitution.

In 1797, Daniel C. Cooper laid out the Mad River Road, the first overland connection between Cincinnati, Ohio and Dayton . This opened up the "Mad River Country" at Dayton and the upper Miami Valley to settlement.

The Miami and Erie Canal, built in the 1830s, connected the Dayton commerce from Lake Erie via the Great Miami River and served as the principal route of transportation for western Ohio until the 1850s.

The catastrophic Great Dayton Flood of March 1913 severely affected much of the city, stimulated the growth of suburban communities outside central Dayton in areas lying further from the Miami River and on higher ground, and led to the establishment of the Miami Conservancy District in 1914. The flood remains an event of note in popular memory and local histories. The high waters damaged some of the Wright Brothers' glass plate photographic negatives of their glider flights at Kitty Hawk and power flights over Huffman Prairie near Dayton.

During World War II Dayton, like many other American cities, was heavily involved in the war effort. Residential neighborhoods in Dayton and in nearby Oakwood hosted the Dayton Project, in which the Monsanto Chemical Company developed methods to industrially produce polonium for use in the triggers of early atomic bombs, including those dropped by the United States on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan.

Dayton was also home to the National Cash Register Company whose employees built airplane engines, bomb sights and code-breaking machines, including the American bombe designed by Joseph Desch which helped crack the Enigma machine.

The Dayton Agreement, a peace accord between the parties to the hostilities of the conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina and the former Yugoslavia, was negotiated in the Dayton area. Negotiations took place from November 1, 1995 to November 21, 1995 at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton.

Dayton's primary nickname is the " Gem City ". The origin of the name is no longer clear; it appears to stem either from a well-known racehorse named "Gem" that hailed from Dayton , or from descriptions of the city likening it to a gem. The most likely origin appears to be an 1845 article in the Cincinnati Daily Chronicle newspaper, by an author writing with the byline "T", which reads:

In a small bend of the Great Miami River, with canals on the east and south, it can be fairly said, without infringing on the rights of others, that Dayton is the gem of all our interior towns. It possesses wealth, refinement, enterprise, and a beautiful country, beautifully developed.

Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872-1906) later acknowledged the nickname in his poem, "Toast to Dayton", which contains this stanza:

She shall ever claim our duty,
For she shines—the brightest gem
That has ever decked with beauty
Dear Ohio 's diadem.

Another explanation for the nickname "Gem", is from Dayton's sister city to the south, Cincinnati. Cincinnati is known as the "Queen City", and Dayton would be the "Gem" in the queen's crown.

The city was advertised as "The Gem City, the Cleanest City in America" in the 1950s, 60s and into the 70s. The phrase was often seen on public trash cans, and other places throughout the city during this time period. Additionally, Dayton has one of the most consistent street cleaning schedules. Every morning, street cleaners sweep downtown Dayton of any trash from the previous day.

Dayton has also been called the "Dragon City". This nickname came from the popular minor league baseball team for which Dayton has become famous. The nickname is most popular among younger crowds in Dayton such has the various college campuses and on the military base.

If you have photos of or historical stories about the City of Dayton and/or Montgomery County, either old or current you would care to share with us. Please contact: antiqueshopsin...

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Accents Antiques Etc. 425 1/2 S. Patterson Boulevard	Antique Boutique 4683 Kathylee Court
Antique Classic & Modern Electronics 1217 East 3rd Street	Antique Malls of America, Inc. 735 Congress Park Drive
Antiques for Wildlife 300 West 1st Street	Audrey's Antiques 4013 South Dixie Drive
Beavercreek Antique Mall 3854 Kemp Road	Carl Pendley Antiques 5088 Wolf Creek Pike
Collectibles Eastside Jewelry & Loan, Inc. 1500 East Third Street	Dayton Design & Antiques 208 West Monument Avenue
Golf Antiques 1228 McCook Avenue	Hedge Hog Antiques 3520 Wilmington Pike
Old World Antiques & Estate Jewelry 4030 North Main Street	Park Avenue Antiques 2306 Far Hills Avenue
Patterson's Antique Restoration 111 Clay Street	Remember When Antiques 1111 Wayne Avenue
Ron Hilens Antique & Classic Cars 5020 North Main Street	Second Blessing Antiques 3704 Wilmington Pike
Silk Road Asian Antiques 229 Volusia Avenue	Springhouse Antiques 49 South Main Street
The Ginger Jar Antiques 7521 Brandt Pike	Treasure Barn Antique Mall 1043 South Main Street
Union City Antiques Mall 201 Columbus Street
Dayton Ohio.com	Return to Montgomery County
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